Department and Clinic of Food Animal Medicine
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1052
2024-03-28T21:13:59ZDisplaced abomasum : forms, treatment, and prevention
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1369
Displaced abomasum : forms, treatment, and prevention
Sidani, Salim
During my practice with several doctors in Lebanon, I attempted to document abomasal displacement in one hundred and twenty cases. In international literature, 80-90% of all displacements are LDA [12]. However, in Lebanon, results show almost 99% prevalence of LDA over RDA, and after scrutinizing questioning and investigation, there seemed to be a major link to a bad quality feed supply as well as a traditional management and husbandry practices in Lebanon. Analysis show that in Lebanon the left abomasal displacement is rather more severe than elsewhere simply because of the more traditional and low-producing extensive dairy husbandry systems common in Lebanon. Most of the surgeries proved to be efficient worldwide; however in Lebanon I observed only the right flank omentopexy procedure. In the future, I aim to introduce more modern surgical methods such as toggle-pin methods and laparoscopy.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZA magzati szívverésszám ultrahangvizsgálata szarvasmarhában a vemhesség első trimeszterében
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1304
A magzati szívverésszám ultrahangvizsgálata szarvasmarhában a vemhesség első trimeszterében
Lénárt, Lea
A transzrektális ultrahang-vizsgálat alkalmazása a szaporodás-biológiai diagnosztikában
komoly gazdasági jelentőséggel bír (FRICKE, 2002). Az embriók életképességének elbírálása
szempontjából elsődleges paraméter a szívverés megléte (QUINTELA et al., 2012), de
a magzati szívverésszám mérése is fontos lehet. Éppen ezért szükséges megalkotni a szarvasmarha-
magzat szívverésszámainak referencia-görbéjét és felmérni azokat a faktorokat, amik
az értékeit befolyásolhatják. Wolleswinkel holland hallgató 48 egy borjúval vemhes és 5
ikervemhes állat vizsgálatát végezte 8 héten keresztül, és ez alatt közel 400 felvételt készített.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZKorai vemhességvizsgálatok és az embrionalis/magzati veszteségek értékelése egy borjúval vemhes és ikervemhes szarvasmarhák esetében
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1294
Korai vemhességvizsgálatok és az embrionalis/magzati veszteségek értékelése egy borjúval vemhes és ikervemhes szarvasmarhák esetében
Győri, Dorottya
Vizsgálatunkat három magyarországi tejtermelő szarvasmarhatartó gazdaságban végeztük 1253 állat bevonásával. Vizsgálatunkban az ultrahanggal végzett pozitív korai vemhességvizsgálatok eredményeit értékeltük.
Az ikervemhesség előfordulási aránya a korai vemhességvizsgálat idején 8,4% volt. Az egy borjúval vemhes teheneknél az embriók közel 58,4%-a a jobb méhszarvban helyeződött, 41,6%-a pedig a bal méhszarvban Ikervemheseknél 54,3% unilateralis helyeződésű volt, 45,7% bilateralis. A sárgatestek számát tekintve az egy borjúval vemhes állatoknál 83,2%-ban egy sárgatest volt a petefészken, az ikervemhes teheneknél 94,3%-ban két sárgatest volt a petefészkeken.
Az ellenőrző vemhességvizsgálat idejére a veszteség mértéke 4,6% volt (az egy borjúval vemhes teheneknél 4,6%, az ikervemheseknél 4,8%, p>0.05). 1201 magzat született meg végül, a halvaszületés előfordulása az összes ellésnél 5,7% volt (68 borjú). A 82 ikerellés során 164 borjú született. Ezek közül némely esetben az egyik borjú halvaszületett (7,3%), 87,8%-nál az ikerborjak mindkét tagja élve jött világra, valamint a 164 borjú közül 4,9%-nál mindkét borjú halvaszületett. Az egy borjúval vemhes tehenek esetében a borjak 5,2%-a született halva.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZControl of ketosis in the periparturient dairy cow
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1281
Control of ketosis in the periparturient dairy cow
Keane, Alison
Ketosis is a common ailment of the high producing dairy cow during lactation. From studying literature and texts, it is a recognised metabolic disease of cows during, and resulting from, the transition period. A number of animals could be suffering from subclinical ketosis without the farmer being aware of the problem. Implementation of affective management and nutrition plans can significantly reduce the number of cows affected by ketosis. The key in control of the condition is to have cows transitioning as smoothly as possible. Naturally, a cow’s appetite will decrease around parturition, at the same time her energy needs will increase. Maintaining an adequate intake of good quality, highly digestible feedstuffs will help reduce the energy deficit. Ensuring enough trough space and pen area will also reduce competition for food, bullying and stress.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZAn overview of infectious causes of abortion in Ireland in 2013
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1280
An overview of infectious causes of abortion in Ireland in 2013
Kenny, Grace
Bovine abortions cause major financial loss to the farming industry of Ireland each year. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate the prevalence and trends of common infectious bovine abortifacients in Ireland in 2013. It will also examine in detail the aetiology of the identified abortifacients, the pathophysiology and in some cases the available preventative and curative measures which can be taken. This thesis has used quantitative data extracted from yearly reports compiled by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and the Marine and the Agri-Food Biosciences Institute of Ireland. The findings from this thesis demonstrate that while there were many common causes of abortion in cattle in Ireland in 2013 such as Salmonella dublin and Neospora caninum, the most common cause in 2013 was Trueperella pyogenes, detected in 208 out of the 3517 foetuses or foetal samples submitted.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZMajor viral abortions in cattle in Ireland
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1276
Major viral abortions in cattle in Ireland
Beresford, Catherine
There was almost a 20% decrease in the amount of positive cases of BVD being reported in
new-born animals from 2013 to 2014. The number of positive BVD herds also decreased but
herds with one or more PI’s increased. This indicates that farmers are not implanting the
removal of PI’s firmly enough. The policing of this programme is not strict enough and with
the absence of penalties, Ireland will struggle to gain a BVD free status.
IBR is seasonal and spreads during the winter months when animals are being housed. High
frequency of herds exposed are to BoHV-1 in Ireland. IBR primarily causes respiratory
infections in cattle, which then may lead to abortion. It is difficult to diagnose if IBR is
responsible for this abortion. Therefore, the number of abortions due to IBR may be higher
than previously documented. However, BoHV-1 remains the leading cause of respiratory
infections in cattle in Ireland.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZA survey of respiratory pathogens in suckling piglets
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1263
A survey of respiratory pathogens in suckling piglets
Boyle, Una
Respiratory diseases in pig production are important are one of the key sources of productivity losses worldwide. While most of the respiratory problems becoming clinically evident in the late growing phase or during finishing, the agents responsible are thought to colonize the upper respiratory tract of pigs at an early age. According to current knowledge, successful control of these conditions requires, among others, early vaccination of piglets and/or immunisation of their respective dams. To justify this approach, prevalence studies were performed in several countries, to determine the prevalence of key respiratory pathogens in pre-weaned piglets, post-weaned piglets, growers and fattening pigs. Out of these, relatively few reports were published on the prevalence of swine influenza virus, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Haemophilus parasuis, Pasteurella multocida etc. in suckling piglets. This thesis is based on such a study in Hungarian closed farrow-to-finish herds.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZControl of calcium metabolism in dairy cows in the periparturient period
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1261
Control of calcium metabolism in dairy cows in the periparturient period
Foley, Niamh
From the trials carried out, one can safely say that the calcium concentration drops drastically at parturition. For a small number of cows, clinical signs will be presented. The majority of cows fall victim to some degree of hypocalcaemia. Hypocalcaemia can prove fatal; being a gateway to secondary disease, resulting in the loss of herd numbers which will ultimately affect the finances of the herd-keeper. Whilst treatment of milk fever can be done quite simply, it is more efficient to have milk fever prevention programmes in place. Despite decades of research and experimenting, the intricacies of the calcium metabolism has not yet been fully and definitively resolved.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZStatistical evaluation of the fertility rate after dystocia in Bavarian dairy cattle farms
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1254
Statistical evaluation of the fertility rate after dystocia in Bavarian dairy cattle farms
Unger, Georg
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZSpurious hypokalemia in horses : the role of serum insulin levels and sample storage conditions
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1239
Spurious hypokalemia in horses : the role of serum insulin levels and sample storage conditions
Lemonnier, Louise
Spurious hypokalemia is a laboratory result that is "analytically correct but does not reflect the in vivo plasma potassium concentration" (GAMA et al., 2011.). Not correlated to the clinical presentation, it can lead to misdiagnosis and unnecessary and dangerous choices of treatment. From 2009 to 2014, 11,5% of horses' laboratory results from PraxisLab veterinary laboratories presented unexplained hypokalemia. These results lead us to study the effects of high ambient temperature, delayed serum separation and postprandial insulin levels in equine blood samples.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZThe effect of change in the treatment protocol of late pregnant dairy cows and their offspring
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1221
The effect of change in the treatment protocol of late pregnant dairy cows and their offspring
Bülow, Frauke
It may be concluded from the results of this study that the farming operation as a whole needs to be harmonized. The health of all the livestock on the farm is the highest priority for the farmer. Securing the health of the livestock will ensure an efficient, economic and productive farm. A dairy farm needs to ensure that the most dangerous period for the cow, namely the transition and postpartum period, is managed as safely as possible for both the cow and the calf.
If a farmer experiences a high number of cow losses, a high incidence of milk fever or a high rate of calf mortality (as they did at the Greven dairy farm) the response should be to tackle the problems quickly and resolve them satisfactorily. Sometimes it is necessary to make major changes like changing the feed consultant and perhaps also the veterinarian. Change can bring a whole new outlook to old problems.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Effect of the Different Synchronisation Protocols on the Reproductive Management in a Dairy Farm
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1084
The Effect of the Different Synchronisation Protocols on the Reproductive Management in a Dairy Farm
O'Callaghan, William
Cows with an extended interval from calving to first ovulation (post partum period) have increased intervals from calving to conception and are more likely to be culled compared with cows with a short post partum period. Treatment options for cows with an extended post partum period include hormonal and management strategies. Hormonal treatments result in the majority of treated animals displaying oestrus with a subsequent luteal phase of normal duration and improved pregnancy rates compared with untreated controls. Hormonal interventions also tend to have more predictable outcomes compared with management changes, such as manipulating body condition or dietary intakes after calving, and usually have some oestrus synchronization effect, thus facilitating the use of artificial insemination. However, responses to any treatment are variable and are related to those factors that influence duration of the PPI, such as body condition and parity.
In a study on a commercial farm of 700 dairy cows experiencing poor reproductive performance, cows were assigned to two different treatment protocols based on their ovarian function. This was carried out over a 12 month period. Cows with a normal corpus luteum and cystic corpus luteum were assigned to treatment with PGF2α and anoestrus cows and follicular cyst cows were assigned to treatment with GnRH. Success was based on return to oestrus within 6 days with PGF2α treatment and return to oestrus within 25 days with GnRH treatment. 35% of the cows were treated with PGF2α, of which 56% showed return to oestrus within 6 days after the first veterinarian visit. After 2 more subsequent visits, 10% of the initial treatment pool with PGF2α remained open. 39% of the cows were treated with GnRH. Within 25 days, 51% of the cows displayed oestrus. Following two more subsequent visits, again 10% of the non responsive cows remained open after continued GnRH treatment.
The long interval from parturition to first service (123 days), the low rate of oestrus response and poor pregnancy rate (20%) prior to treatment are consonant with inadequate oestrus detection.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZEmergence and Consequences of Schmallenberg Virus Infection in Ruminants in North Rhine-Westphalia
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1083
Emergence and Consequences of Schmallenberg Virus Infection in Ruminants in North Rhine-Westphalia
Weigelin, Barbara Edda
The Schmallenberg virus, firstly detected in 2011 in a cattle herd close to Schmallenberg (North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany), is a newly emerged Orthobunya virus (family Bunyaviridae) that is transmitted by blood-sucking insects and causes mild clinical symptoms in adult cows. Affected ruminants abort fetuses with serious congenital malformations such as athrogryphosis, brachygnathia inferior, torticollis, kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis, muscle hypoplasia, cerebellar and cerebral hypoplasia, hydrancephaly, porencephaly, hydrocephalus, and micromyelia. The first vaccines have been developed but are still in the testing period.
Based on epidemiological data from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), SBV infections between August 1, 2011 and April 30, 2013 were analysed. Three ranking models (geographical, seasonal and projection model) were used to grade SBV infections regarding to animal welfare and production, such as service, milk yield and dystocia.
The diagnosis of SBV infection lays on exclusion of other viruses causing similar diseases, recognition of clinical signs and the use of a commercial ELISA kits for the detection of anti-Schmallenberg virus antibodies in serum and plasma as well as on direct virus determination from aborted fetuses, newborns and placenta by RT- PCR.
Histology showed astrogilosis and microgliosis in the central nervous system of infected bovine and ovine newborns. In some cases myofibrillar hypoplasia in the skeletal muscle was found. In sheep, lymphohistological inflammation in the central nervous system and glial nodules in the hippocampus and mesencephalon were shown.
Fetal malformations during gestation caused severe consequences on the reproductive performance in infected herds. A transplancental infection in the tetragonic determination phase causes embryonal/fetal malformation between 28 and 36 days in sheep, between 30 and 50 days in goats, and between 75 and 110 days in cattle. In case of dead bovine fetuses fetotomy must be considered. It could be proved that infections of the dam at an early stage of gestation leads to damages of the central nervous system of the embryo/fetus while later the damage of the skeletal and muscular system develops.
Due to the appearance of this new virus, further studies are needed to determine the risk of transmission of SBV and the impact of the virus on fertility in ruminants.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZThe Role of Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) in Bovine Reproduction
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1082
The Role of Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus) in Bovine Reproduction
Hönicke, Jobst
Histophilus somni (previously known as Haemophilus somnus) is a pathogen of cattle worldwide and it is a small, Gram-negative, coccobacillary, facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming, non-motile, non-capsulated, fastidious bacterium.
The genus ‘Histophilus’ containing the single species “Histophilus somni” was recommended within the family Pasteurellaceae and includes bacteria previously described as Haemophilus somnus.
Infection of cattle with H. somni may cause septicemia, thrombotic meningoencephalitis (TME), polyarthritis, fibrous pleuritis, suppurative bronchopneumonia, myocarditis, otitis media, mastitis and reproductive tract diseases.
In the study from Pápa, Hungary there were in total 90 animals tested for H. somni infestation. The tested animals were separated in two groups, one with vaginal discharge (75 animals, out of which 60 were cows and 15 were heifers) and the other one without vaginal discharge (15 animals, out of which 10 were cows and 5 were heifers). It was revealed, that out of the group with vaginal discharge 53% of the cows and 47% of the heifers were infected with H. somni (solitary infection with H. somni or mixed infection with pathogenic or possible pathogenic bacteria). In the control group 29% of the cows, and 60% of the heifers were infected.
A common finding in this study was, that H. somni was found most frequently in the animals with vaginal discharge either alone or in combination with Enterococcus spp. or Trueperella pyogenes and other pathogenic or possible pathogenic bacteria.
The understanding of the virulence potential of H. somni is until to this date only partly understood, using traditional genetic, biochemical, and immunologic methods. Also identification of H. somni is difficult, as other aerobic bacteria (e.g. Proteus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Escherichia coli and Streptococcus spp.) tend to overgrow it.
The spreading of H. somni has to be controlled, with the today’s most efficient way of artificial insemination and strictly controlled hygienic measures.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZCranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Treating Stress-related Disorders in Horses
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1081
Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for Treating Stress-related Disorders in Horses
Hannigan, Kate
The Hungarian National Police Force comprises of a section on horseback. Their work involves having to patrol varied terrain, as well as providing riot control at football matches. They also carry out the tasks of the Hungarian Subsidiary National Horse Ceremonial Unit. Changeable conditions and competence in a wide range of diverse tasks, see these horses endure much higher stress levels than horses for recreational use only.
Recent studies describe an effective and drug-free alternative in the treatment of human anxiety disorders, called cranial electrotherapy stimulation or CES. CES is a non-invasive therapeutic device that has recently been used in the treatment of human depression, anxiety and sleeping disorders. Such cranial stimulator exists also for horses (Happy Halter, Fisher Wallace Laboratories).
Twelve Hungarian Warmblood gelding police horses with a mean±SD age 10.3±3.8 years were selected randomly for the study, out of them six horses received Happy Halter treatment and six horses received placebo treatment. The Happy Halter device was placed on the head of the placebo horses the same way as on the treated horses, but no stimulation was given. The Happy Halter treatment lasted for 20 minutes with level 1 intensity (weakest intensity, the suggested intensity level for humans). Saliva samples were collected with cotton-based swabs and cortisol concentration was determined by an enzyme-immunoassay technique. Beat-to-beat (R-R) intervals were recorded by Polar® Equine heart rate monitor. Behaviour reactions were judged visually, and fearful or painful reactions of the horses were noted. For statistical analysis we have divided the time periods into two categories, before treatment (time periods 1-3) and after treatment.
Before or after the Happy Halter treatment no differences were found between placebo and treated horses regarding HR or salivary cortisol concentration. During the first treatment a significant increase in parasympathetic tone (HF) could be observed in the treated group, but not in the placebo group. The lower vagal tone (HF, parasympathetic tone) of the more anxious horses implies that these horses have a lower capability to react as competently to an external stimulus as a normal horse who possess a higher vagal tone. A higher vagal tone provides greater flexibility when faced with a stressor. Regarding behavioural changes in relation to the application of the Happy Halter itself, there was little or no behaviour reaction to the device.
Although it must have been strange to the horses (as HR increased a bit in both placebo and treated groups), but probably not painful. Our preliminary results suggest that Cranial Electrotherapy Stimulation for treating stress-related disorders in horses may be promising. Further studies involving more horses with extreme anxiety levels and perhaps treatment with greater intension and for longer period may be needed to support or reject the effectiveness of Happy Halter treatment in horses
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZBaloldali oltógyomor-helyzetváltozás álló helyzetű laparoszkópos műtéteinek értékelése egy hazai tejhasznú tehenészetben
http://hdl.handle.net/10832/1078
Baloldali oltógyomor-helyzetváltozás álló helyzetű laparoszkópos műtéteinek értékelése egy hazai tejhasznú tehenészetben
Buják, Dávid
Munkánk során 2011. január 5. és 2012. augusztus 31. között műtöttünk bal oldali oltógyomor-helyzetváltozásban szenvedő teheneket (n=62) egy kelet-magyarországi tejtermelő gazdaságban. Célunk az volt, hogy felmérjük a betegség előfordulását, annak lehetséges okait a szóban forgó telepen, valamint értékeljük a műtét sikerességét az állatok életének nyomon követésével a következő ellésükig. A műtétet Christiansen által leírt álló helyzetű laparoszkópos technikával végeztük. A műtött állatok átlagéletkora 4,6 év volt. 60 állat (96,7%) az ellés utáni 6 hétben lett megműtve. A műtétre átlagosan 19,6 nappal az ellés után került sor. 58 állat (93,5%) egyéb betegségben is szenvedett a műtét idején vagy azt megelőzően. A bal oldali otlógyomor-helyzetváltozás mellett előforduló betegségek: mastitis, metritis, sántaság, magzaburok-visszamaradás, nehézellés, anyagforgalmi zavarok, ellési bénulás. Legnagyobb számban metritis (39 eset) és metabolikus probléma (34 eset) volt jelen az oltógyomor-helyzetváltozás mellett. A műtét utáni kritikus 14 napban a kezelt állatok közül 8 db (12,9%) hullott el. További 25 állat (40,3%) került ki a termelésből még a következő ellése előtt. A kikerült állatok átlagosan 163 napot töltöttek a termelésben. A termelésben maradt, újból megellett állatok átlagosan 9828 liter tejet termeltek a műtétet követő laktációjukban.
***
We performed operative intervention on cattle (n=62) with left displaced abomasum on an east Hungarian farm between 05.01.2011. and 31.08.2012. We measured the incidence of left displaced abomasum and also evaluated the success of our operation technique through the cattle survival rates. We were collecting the cattle’s data until the next calving. We performed the operations according to Christiansen’s one step laparoscopic technique. The cattle average age at the time of the operation was 4,6 years. Sixty of the cattle (96,7%) were operated within 6 weeks after parturition. We did the operations 19,6 days after parturition in average. 58 of the cattle (93,5%) had one or more other diseases at the time of the operation or around the parturition. Mastitis, metritis, milk fever, lameness, metabolic disorders, placental retention and difficulty calving occurred with left displaced abomasum. Metritis and metabolic disorders had the highest occurring rate. 39 cattle (62,9%) had metritis and 34 of the cattle (54,8%) had metabolic disorders. Eight cattle (12,9%) died within the most critical 2 weeks after the operation. 25 of the operated cattle (40,3%) culled before their next parturition. The culled cattle were yielding for 163 days averagely. The average milk yield of the cattle which remained in production was 9828 liters.
2013-01-01T00:00:00Z