Az afrikai sertéspestis vírusának biológiája - Irodalmi összefoglaló

Abstract

SUMMARY Starting in 2007, the African swine fever (ASF) advanced seemingly unstoppa-bly from the Caucasus region toward the western part of Europe, and in 2018 it reached Hungary. In the lack of vaccine, the spread of ASF constitutes the biggest economical and animal health threat to the Hungarian and worldwide swine industry. The African swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of the disease. ASFV is an enveloped virus with a large (170−190 kilo base pair) double stranded DNA genome that contains around 200 open reading frames. The virus is the sole member of the Asfaviridae family. ASFV has high genetic and antigenic variabil-ity, so far 23 genotypes and at least 8 serotypes were identified. It is the only known DNA arbovirus, its natural hosts are soft ticks belonging to the genus Ornithodoros, and African wild pig species (common warthog (Phacocheorus afri­canus) and bushpig (Potamochoerus larvatus)). In domestic pigs (Sus scrofa) the virus replicates mainly in macrophages. ASFV utilizes both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis to enter the macrophages and it replicates in the cytoplasm. At least fourteen ASFV protein was shown to contain strong immunodeterminant epitops and some of them are able to induce at least par-tially neutralizing antibodies. It seems that cellular immunity, natural killer cells and CD8+ lymphocytes play crucial role in the induction of protective immunity against ASFV. In this paper the authors present the most essential biological knowledge about the ASFV and review its entry, replication and immunology in more details.