A kannaporckollapszus jelentősége és annak lehetséges okai lovakban - Irodalmi összefoglaló

Abstract

SUMMARY Background: Dynamic upper respiratory tract (URT) obstruction is a common cause of abnormal airway noise and exercise intolerance in equine athletes. Although, resting endoscopy can predict some functional changes and provide information for understanding the causes of certain diseases, several previous studies have documented that the URT functional disorders are underestimated or cannot be diagnosed during resting endoscopic examination. To establish a definitive diagnosis of URT obstruction, exercising videoendoscopy is regarded as the “gold standard” method. Any factors that increase negative pressure in the URT, for example poll flexion, increased pressure in the lower respiratory tract or multiple obstructions, or constitutional changes, can markedly influence the mechanics of the URT. Objectives: The authors describe the possible aetiologies and the relevance of arytenoid cartilage collapse (ACC), which is the most common upper respiratory functional disease. Results and Discussion: Although the most common cause of ACC is recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (RLN), other aetiologies (laryngeal dysplasia, dynamic laryngeal collapse, laryngeal chondropathy, ventromedial luxation of the arytenoid cartilage) may also appear. Assuming RLN to be the only possible cause of ACC may lead to inappropriate treatment and prognosis. The relevance of ACC depends on the cause and the severity of the disease, as well as the intensity and the technic of horse riding in each individual case. ACC could not be predicted on the basis of findings at rest. Increased neuromuscular activity during exercise could compensate this functional problem in less severe cases. ACC could be a factor in lower respiratory tract problems (e.g.: relationship of exercise induced pulmonary haemorrhage and ACC) so it is important to treat the URT and lower respiratory tract as a single unit.