Az alomanyag és a takarmány hatása a lovak asztmás megbetegedéseire - Irodalmi összefoglaló

Abstract

SUMMARY High dust concentrations are common in the environment of conventional stables. The respirable dust is composed of particles less than 5μm in size and these are sufficiently small to penetrate the peripheral airways. This dust contains potentially allergenic particles (e.g.: mould, bacterial spores, faeces of mites) which may cause equine asthma. The best way to reduce the interaction with dust is to ensure adequate ventilation and to reduce contamination of the air from feeds (forages and cereal grains) and bedding. It is important to mention that visual assessment is not an adequate method to control the hygienic status and respirable dust concentration of feed or bedding material. Long term (>9 hours) soaking decreased the water soluble carbohydrate content of hay and mould counts but increased counts of yeasts, enterobacteria, and lactic acid bacteria which may cause colic. Therefore, soaking in cold water should not be longer than 10 minutes, if the water soluble carbohydrate content of the hay is irrelevant. Steaming in a wheelie bin and with a kettle of boiling water reduced the airborne respirable particles but did not reduce microbial contamination of hay. Specifically designed high-temperature steamer (1.5–2.75 kW,50–60 minutes) is the most effective method for reducing airborne respirable particles, while conserving nutrients and improving the hygienic quality of hay. Because of the double-skinned container the temperature rises quickly inside the box and reaches 100 °C. This cannot be achieved by homemade methods such as steaming in a wheelie bin or with a kettle of boiling water.The choice of bedding material also affects the quality of air in a stable. The use of alternative for straw bedding such as peat with shavings or crushed wood pellets improved endoscopy results of stabled horses, however, horses were clinically healthy regardless of the type of applied bedding materials. The combination of straw and dry hay results the lowest air quality therefore this cannot be recommended as a suitable management regime for stabled horses.