The systemic implications of canine periodontal disease: A review

Abstract

The systemic implications of oral diseases have been studiedin humans throughout the ages by observing clinical cases and collecting anecdotal evidence. With the advances in the medical sciences in the last century, it was possible to conduct investigations that are more sophisticated; the modern observation of cases was assisted by physical evaluation and laboratory tests as well as the association of animal testing. These technological improvements in the field of human medicine extended to veterinary medicine.