Food Safety Risk of Heavy Metals in Marine Fish, Using Sardines (Sardina pilchardus)

Abstract

Due to their widespread occurrence in nature and their industrial application, the environmental impact of different heavy metals has not ceased. Most of these metals can accumulate during the uptake of small concentrations with long-lasting intervals resulting in clinically manifested chronic poisonings or diseases, different micro-toxicological disorders, or special toxic effects (carcinogenic alterations, reproductive problems, deficiency of immune system).