Az antimikrobiális rezisztencia (AMR) humán betegség- és környezeti terhe, valamint az 1%-os csökkentésének várható társadalmi haszna

Abstract

ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS Az antimikrobiális rezisztencia (AMR) jelentős közegészségügyi kockázat, amely társadalmi, gazdasági és környezeti terhet okoz. A szerzők jelen elemzésének célja különböző egészségügyi és környezeti mutatók alapján képet adni az AMR humán betegség- és környezeti terhéről Magyarországon. Hazánkban a becsült AMR-rel összefüggő teher összesen 8274 haláleset/év és 223 448,9 DALY/év (Disability-Adjusted Life Years, egészségveszteséggel korrigált életévek). Ha az AMR 1%-kal csökken, összesen 82,7 haláleset/év és 2 234,5 DALY/év veszteség elkerülése várható. Ennek a becsült nemzetgazdasági haszna közegészségügyi oldalon 57,6 milliárd Ft/év, amelyhez 10,85 milliárd Ft/év környezeti haszon adódik. SUMMARY Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) represents a growing public health threat, imposing substantial societal and economic burdens through excess mortality and reduced quality of life, while also exerting significant environmental impacts. Objectives: The aim of this analysis is to provide an order-of-magnitude estimate of the human disease burden and environmental burden attributable to and associated with AMR in Hungary, as well as the expected annual health and environmental benefits associated with a 1% reduction in AMR. Materials and methods: In estimating the human disease burden of AMR, we applied the following health indicators as defined by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 study: mortality, YLL (Years of Life Lost), YLD (Years Lived with Disability), DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years), and QALY (Quality-Adjusted Life Years). In estimating the environmental burden, we assessed the economic value of ecosystem services that may deteriorate if AMR-related pressures persist or intensify. Results and discussion: The estimated indirect AMR-associated burden in Hungary amounts to 6,567 deaths per year and 177,209 disability-adjusted life years (DALY) annually, whereas the direct burden attributable to AMR is estimated at 1,707 deaths per year and 46,239.9 DALY annually. If AMR were reduced by 1% as a result of implemented interventions, an estimated total of 82.7 deaths and 2,234.5 DALY per year could be averted. The corresponding estimated economic benefit on the human health side would range between HUF 11.9–57.6 billion annually. In addition, an estimated environmental benefit of HUF 10.85 billion per year would accrue, resulting in a total aggregated benefit in the range of HUF 22.8–68.5 billion per year. Considering the methodological limitations of the study, the results should be interpreted as preliminary, order-of-magnitude estimates.