Examining the Typical Genotypes of Canine Parvovirus in Ecuador

Abstract

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) is a highly contagious and widespread viral pathogen that primarily affects domestic dogs, causing severe gastroenteritis, particularly in puppies and unvaccinated dogs. Since its emergence in the late 1970s, CPV-2 has evolved into three major antigenic variants—CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c—each exhibiting distinct genetic and antigenic characteristic. In Ecuador, canine parvovirus continues to pose a significant threat to animal health, particularly in regions with inconsistent vaccination protocols. This study aimed to investigate the circulating genotypes of CPV2 in the city of Quito, Ecuador, and assess the effectiveness of local vaccination protocols in controlling the spread of this virus.