Az állatgyógyászatban alkalmazható lehetséges antivirális és immunmoduláló gyógyhatású anyagok: a cikóriasav és a cordycepin

Abstract

ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS Az irodalmi összefoglalóban a szerzők bemutatják a kasvirág fajok (Echinacea) marker molekulája, a cikóriasav, valamint a gombaeredetű cordycepin nukleozidanalóg hatásait in vitro és in vivo kísérletekben. Ezen anyagok immunmoduláns és citoprotektív tulajdonságuk révén alternatívát nyújthatnak az antibiotikum hozamfokozókkal szemben. A cikóriasavat tartalmazó növények széles körben ismertek, a cordycepint termelő gombák közül a Cordyceps militaris tömegtermesztése pedig technológiailag megoldott, így az immunmoduláns, valamint az in vitro antivirális hatás révén e molekulák szerepet kaphatnak vírusfertőzések és gyulladásos kórképek kiegészítő kezelésében haszonállataink esetében. SUMMARY The ban on antimicrobial agents for growth promotion in the European Union since 2006 has underscored the urgent need for effective alternatives due to the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance. Despite this restriction, prophylactic and metaphylactic use of antimicrobials remains prevalent in animal husbandry, significantly increasing the risk of resistant pathogen emergence. Viral infections in poultry and swine act as critical predisposing factors by compromising immune response and the intestinal barrier integrity, thereby facilitating secondary bacterial infections and impairing production. Therefore, investigating alternative products with immunomodulatory, antiviral, and growth-promoting potential is of primary importance. Chicoric acid presents in high concentration in medicinal plants of the Echinacea genus and other representatives of the Asteraceae family, influences multiple molecular targets associated with inflammation and oxidative damage. The therapeutic relevance of cordycepin-containing fungi like Cordyceps militaris and Ophiocordyceps sinensis, long used in traditional Eastern medicine, is substantiated by recent scientific investigations. Cordycepin, a nucleoside analog produced by Cordyceps militaris, exhibits antiviral activity by interfering with viral RNA synthesis and modulating host immune signaling. Further studies confirm their in vitro antiviral properties, highlighting their potential to mitigate viral infections and associated cellular injury. These natural products demonstrate promising complementary effects. Their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory mechanisms can aid in preventing virus-induced tissue damage and enhancing animal production performance. The integration of these bioactive compounds into therapeutic strategies offers potential benefits in managing viral infections and immune dysfunctions, warranting further in vivo and clinical studies to fully elucidate their efficacy and pharmacokinetics.