The Advancements and Obstacles of Stallion Semen Cryopreservation

Abstract

Cryopreservation is a process that preserves intact living cells, tissues, organelles with the use of very low temperatures, extending their lifespan. The ability to cryopreserve sperm cells has facilitated the accessibility to semen and for decades has played a major role in dairy cattle production, thanks to its ability to increase the rate of genetic selection. Additionally, frozen semen has been a catalyst for the development of reproductive techniques. Although this technology has been a milestone in reproduction, it has several limitations that to this day, influence pregnancy rates. These limitations are associated with a combination of molecular and biochemical changes that occur due to the different stages of cryopreservation.