Hazai sertéstakarmányok multimikotoxin-szennyezettsége három év (2019-2021) adatai alapján

Abstract

Background: Multi-mycotoxin exposure is a frequent and significant problem, since swine feed is based on different type of cereals, which may contain huge variety of mycotoxins. Surveys all over the world have shown the presence of 2 or more mycotoxins at the same time in cereals and other feed materials. In the last 20-25 years the multi-mycotoxin studies received more attention. Objectives: The aim of the study was the multi-mycotoxin monitoring survey of Hungarian swine feed samples, based on raw materials harvested in 2019, 2020 and 2021. Materials and Methods: In this study concentrations of more than 800 mycotoxins and metabolites were determined from swine complete feed samples (representing feed for weaned and growing piglet, fattening pig under 65 kg, fattening pig between 65 and 90 kg, pregnant sow and lactating sow). The measurement was performed by a validated LC-MS/MS method. Results and Discussion: For 132 mycotoxins and metabolites detectable concentration values were measured. The recommended values or the regulation limit of European Union (574/2011/EU; 2013/165/EU; 2006/576/EC) were not exceeded in any cases. Data have been compared to relevant international surveys. In the DSM (earlier BIOMIN) World Mycotoxin Surveys higher concentrations of various mycotoxins in feed materials (such as corn, wheat, barley, soy or triticale) were found and Hungary was classified as a high risk region. In our study in case of fumonisins and deoxynivalenol (DON) the recommended risk threshold of DSM were exceed in 2021. Based on the recommendation published by the Section of Agricultural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Science, all the samples we examined fall into the low risk range. Among the emerging mycotoxins, moniliformin (MON), beauvericin (BEA) and enniatins (A, A1, B, B1) were present in most cases in concentrations above the limit of determination (LOQ).