Literature review about the use of macrocyclic lactones in heartworm disease

Abstract

Heartworm disease, caused by Dirofilaria immitis, is an increasingly prevalent illness in canines that can lead to severe complications if left untreated. Transmitted by mosquitoes, it is a globally disseminated disease, particularly common in Europe, Asia, Australia, and North America. The objective of this review is to provide an overview of heartworm disease and emphasize the significance of Macrocyclic lactones in heartworm prophylaxis. Additionally, current findings on resistance, dosing strategies, and side effects are summarized. Macrocyclic lactones, which are the primary agents for heartworm prevention, are classified into two groups: avermectin and milbemycin.