A cukorbetegség kiegészítő terápiájában használható ásványi anyagok, vitaminok és egyéb antioxidánsok : Irodalmi összefoglaló

Abstract

ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS Humán vizsgálatok és elsősorban egerekkel és patkányokkal végzett állatkísérletek alapján a cukorbetegség kiegészítő terápiájában sikeresen alkalmazhatók egyes nyomelemek (króm és vanádium), mikroelemek (cink és szelén), makroelemek (magnézium), vitaminok (elsősorban az antioxidáns hatásúak, pl.: C- és E-vitamin) és antioxidánsok (pl.: Q10 koenzim, alfa-liponsav) is. A szerzők szakirodalmi összefoglalójukban ismertetik ezek hatásmechanizmusát különös tekintettel gyakorlati alkalmazásukra kutyák és macskák esetében. SUMMARY Diabetes mellitus is one of the major health problems in dogs and cats. Type 1 diabetes (insulin-dependent) is rare in cats, while type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) – associated with obesity – has a growing importance. Approximately 80–90% of diabetic cats have type 2 diabetes. Contrary to this in dogs, type 1 diabetes is common while obesity-induced insulin resistance does not progress to type 2 diabetes. Deficiencies in minerals, trace elements, vitamins and antioxidants are related to widespread health problems, including diabetes. According to several human and animal studies, an extra supply of some of these nutrients can improve the health of diabetic patients. It may also reduce the risk of diabetic complications. This review aims to summarise the most important dietary supplements, emphasizing their application in dogs and cats. Chromium intracellularly binds to an oligopeptide apochromodulin which makes the active chromodulin. Then chromodulin binds to the inner part of the insulin receptor and fully activates it. In diabetic dogs, 100 μg/day of chromium yeast may reduce blood sugar. In healthy cats, 600 ppb of chromium picolinate decreased the fasting blood sugar level. Vanadium can lower elevated blood glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides. Natrium metavanadate (0.1-0.2 mg/ml in drinking water) decreased fasting glucose, fructosamine, and cholesterol levels of alloxan-induced diabetic dogs, but the side effects of the treatment were severe. The combination of vitamin E, vitamin C, and selenium decreased the blood sugar level and increased the antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalse) concentration of diabetic dogs. Several human and animal studies also described the potentially positive effects of magnesium, selenium, zinc, alpha-lipoic acid, and coenzyme-Q10. More dog and cat studies are needed to examine the physiological effects of these supplements on diabetic animals.