A tojásbakterióta és a csirke bélbakteriótájának kapcsolata az újgenerációs szekvenálási eljárások fényében Irodalmi összefoglalA tojásbakterióta és a csirke bélbakteriótájának kapcsolata az újgenerációs szekvenálási eljárások fényében - Irodalmi összefoglal

Abstract

In the last decade, due to the new generation sequencing (NGS) techniques, there has been a huge improvement in the investigation of the external and internal bacteriota of eggs. At the same time, serious progress was made in the understanding of the composition of the bacterial community living in the intestinal tract of the chicken and its role in the life of the host animal. At higher taxonomic levels (phylum, class), the typical bacterial communities of the egg and the different parts of the intestinal tract is already well known. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria are the most dominant phyla in both the egg and in the gut. At lower taxonomic levels (genus, species), the observed differences between the bacterial communities can be better explained. We have more detailed knowledge about the bacterial interactions between laying hens and chicks, as well as the spreading routes of prokaryotic microorganisms. During the experimental investigations of the spread and transmission routes of prokaryotic microorganisms, in addition to the known horizontal routes (from the environment, feed, drinking water), the vertical transmission (from laying hen to egg) was also better characterized. The bacteria of the reproductive organs of the hen gave new results about the potential vertical transmission routes of bacteriota. The more thorough scientific knowledge about the different bacterial communities and their interactions makes it possible to use probiotics in the broiler husbandry more effectively.