Occurrence of Five Honeybee Pathogenic Viruses in Hungarian Apiaries

Abstract

This thesis examines the trends and occurrences of five honeybee pathogenic viruses that can infect honeybees in Hungary. Surveys have been conducted since 1999 to identify the presence of Acute Bee Paralysis Virus, Black Queen Cell Virus, Chronic Bee Paralysis Virus, Deformed Wing Virus, and Sacbrood Virus. Samples were analysed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and the report summarises the findings and compares them with data from other European countries.