Antimikrobiális peptidek alkalmazása a bél egészségének megőrzésére baromfiban : Irodalmi összefoglaló

Abstract

ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS Az antimikrobiális peptidek (AMP-k) mint ígéretes, a hagyományos antibiotikumokat helyettesítő jelöltek, a gazdaszervezet sejtjeire kifejtett hatásaikkal hozzájárulhatnak a baromfi kórokozóknak kitett bélrendszerének egészségéhez. A szerzők a szakirodalom áttekintésével bemutatják, hogy az AMP-k szabályozhatják a bél immunfolyamatait, támogathatják a normál szöveti és sejtkapcsoló struktúrák meglétét, hatással lehetnek a bélrendszer redoxegyensúlyára, sőt közvetlenül javíthatják az emésztési folyamatokat és a felszívóképességet. E tulajdonságaikkal hozzájárulhatnak az állatok egészségének megőrzéséhez és a termelés hatékonyságának növeléséhez. SUMMARY In the era of antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been considered as promising candidates for replacing conventional antibiotics. In addition to the ability to directly attack microbes, great significance has been attached to the peptides’ indirect antimicrobial mode of action which allows them to control the defense mechanisms of the host. Owing to these beneficial effects, AMPs have recently aroused notable interest in the poultry sector, since chickens are constantly challenged by a large set of enteral pathogens, and maintaining gut health is of utmost importance to provide effective production. Given that AMPs display multifaceted activity depending on the peptide of interest and the specific biological circumstances, their effects at a cellular level in poultry species need to be thoroughly investigated. The present literature review aimed to summarize the findings of studies examining the modulation of chicken gut homeostasis and the enteral host cells after AMP-treatment. Based on these relevant data, the authors established that gut health implies a highly orchestrated system of various components, and AMPs can influence it in an indirect antimicrobial manner. They can regulate enteral host cells and immune state by affecting inflammatory mediators and immune cells, support normal intestinal morphology and epithelial integrity, influence the oxidative state, or even enhance digestive function and absorptive capability directly. As a result, AMPs are suggested to contribute to animal health and well-being, as well as to increased efficacy of meat and egg production in poultry farming. To conclude, AMPs provide various benefits and may be promising alternatives for replacing conventional antibiotics in livestock farming; however, more research is needed to fully elucidate their mechanisms of action.