Régi szer új köntösben: a stabilizált hipoklórossav (HOCl) szerepe a fertőtlenítésben

Abstract

ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS A szerzők irodalmi összefoglalójukban bemutatják a stabilizált hipoklórossav (HOCl) gyakorlati alkalmazhatóságát és hatékonyságát az állatgyógyászatban. Az áttekintés kitér Gram-pozitív és Gram-negatív baktériumokra (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) és nagy ragályozóképességű vírusokra (afrikai sertéspestis vírusa, ragadós száj- és körömfájás vírusa, madárinfluenza-vírus). A szakirodalmi adatok szerint már 50–200 ppm koncentrációban is jelentősen csökkenti a baktériumok csíraszámát és a vírustitert. Az eredmények alapján meghatározott protokollok mellett a stabilizált HOCl jól alkalmazható állattartó telepek időszakos preventív, ill. végfertőtlenítésére. SUMMARY Background: The growing threat due to antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of novel pathogens underscore the urgent need for effective, safe and environmentally friendly disinfectants. The stabilized hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is a naturally occurring compound too, produced for example by the activated neutrophil granulocytes. As such it has recently gained attention for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial potential and low toxicity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial efficacy of the stabilized hypochlorous acid solution produced by electrochemical activation. The literature research focused on assessing its bactericidal effect and efficacy against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species and its ability to reduce the infective titer of certain viruses of animal health importance. In this review, the chemical stability and shelf-life data of this compound are also addressed. Materials and Methods: This study is based on a comprehensive literature analysis. Peer-reviewed articles, regulatory reports, and experimental data from international sources were reviewed to assess the virucidal (African swine fever, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza viruses) and bactericidal (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) efficacy of stabilized HOCl. The review covers the physicochemical characteristics of HOCl, the effect of pH and ion content on stability, and application methods in agricultural and clinical settings. Results and Discussion: Stabilized HOCl exhibits high efficacy against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by targeting cell membranes, DNA, and enzymatic pathways via oxidative stress. The virucidal activity of HOCl has been confirmed in multiple studies, including inactivation of African swine fever, foot and mouth disease and avian influenza under practical conditions. The reviewed evidence highlights HOCl’s potential to serve as a reliable tool in the One Health framework, especially in biosecurity programs targeting the prevention and control of zoonotic and production-limiting pathogens. Its application is particularly promising in areas where traditional disinfectants are less effective or pose safety concerns. At the end of the manuscript, practical recommendations are provided for the implementation of stabilized HOCl in veterinary and environmental hygiene protocols.