Nyugat-nílusi vírus okozta agy- és gerincvelőgyulladás kezelése lovakban istállói körülmények között - Esettanulmány

Abstract

SUMMARY Background: West Nile Virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovi-rus belonging to the genus Flavivirus and causes nervous system disorders in humans, birds and horses. WNV caused the largest equine encephalomyelitis outbreaks in Hungary in 2016 and 2018. It has been showing continuous spread since then. In 2016, 52 cases while in 2018, 91 cases were reported to the OIE. Objectives: We summarise the clinical diagnostic and treatment features of WNV neurologic disease specific to Hungary and to describe two cases of WNV neurologic disease with a special focus on how recumbent neurologic cases could be managed in stable conditions. Material and methods: Case management and clinical examination were performed at the home premises of both patients. The diagnosis in both cases were established according to the OIE guidelines based on the seasonality, clinical symptoms and IgM ELISA serologic positivity of acute infection. One horse needed intermittent assistance to raise while the other horse became chronically recumbent during the acute phase of the illness. In the second case a home-made sling was designed to support the patient in a standing position. Results: In both cases treatment was successful and both horses recovered from the disease.Discussion and conclusion:WNV is endemic in Hungary, causing neurologic disease outbreaks from time to time since 2008 in humans, birds and horses. Although vaccine is available for protection of horses, its high price and the lack of general awareness result in weak protection on a population level. We draw the attention of all veterinarians that WNV neuroinvasive disease is a real threat to the Hungarian equine population. We also give some ideas and guidelines how patients could be managed in their home premises on low budget, when clinical admission is not an option.