Őshonos magyar tyúkfajták, mint lehetséges univerzális recipiensek az ősivarsejt alapú génmegőrzésben

Abstract

SUMMARY Nowadays, the conservation of endangered species and breeds are essential. In the case of mammals, the genome conservation is relatively easy, because males are heterogametic, and sperm can be cryopreserved. In birds, the females are heterogametic, so sperm freezing itself is not enough for conservation of the whole genome.In this article, the authors introduce the prospect of full genome conservation using primordial germ cells (PGCs). The primordial germ cells can differentiate into matured germ cells, so usage of this cell type is the most efficient tool for the genome conservation in birds. The work aimed to characterize the estab-lished PGC lines and investigate the integration efficiency of GFP expressing PGCs into different indigenous chicken breeds.Recently, the authors established ten GFP expressing PGC lines. The expres-sion level of germ- and stem cell specific markers was investigated. To examine the in vivo developmental potential of PGCs, cells were injected back to 3-day old recipient embryos derived from White Hungarian, Partridge colour Hungar-ian and Yellow Hungarian breeds. The recipient chicken eggs were provided by Research Centre for Farm Animal Gene Conservation. The integration rate of GFP expressing PGCs were determined after the dissec-tion of the gonads from 14-day old embryos. There was not significant difference in the viability rate and the integration efficiency between the White Hungarian and Partridge colour Hungarian breeds. The authors investigated the integration rate of injected PGCs after hatching, too. In the case of White Hungarian breed, six chicks were hatched, two was gonadal chimera; in the Partridge colour Hun-garian breed, both chicks were gonadal chimera out of two hatchlings.In the Yellow Hungarian breed, the viability rate of injected 14-day old embryos (54%) and the integration efficiency of injected PGCs (41%) was low as the authors concluded that this breed is not a suitable recipient for gene conserva-tion.In the future, it is essential to investigate other chicken breeds or might be worth to try other species as recipient.