A Trichinella-fajok elterjedtsége hazánkban

Abstract

SUMMARY To investigate the spatial distribution of the Trichinella spp. and the factors influencing their circulation in Hungary, 4086 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and 0.32 million wild boars (Sus scrofa) were tested for Trichinella spp. infection in Hungary from 2006 to 2014. Trichinella spp. larvae from 86 (2.1%) foxes and 58 (0.02%) wild boars were identified by multiplex PCR as Trichinella britovi, Trichinella spiralis or Trichinella pseudospiralis. T. britovi was the dominant species in both foxes and wild boars (87.5% and 67.3%) followed by T. spiralis (11.2% and 31.0%) and T. pseudospiralis (1.3% and 1.7%). There was no correlation between environmental parameters in the home range of foxes and wild boars and the T. spiralis larval counts, but there was a positive correlation between the boundary zone of Hungary and T. spiralis infection. These results indicate that the distribution of T. spiralis in the Hungarian wildlife is determined by the transborder transmission of the parasite from the surrounding endemic countries. Based on the statistical analysis, non-agricultural areas and the mean annual temperature were the major determinants of the spatial distribution of T. britovi in Hungary. The positive relationship with non-agricultural areas can be explained by the generalist feeding behaviour including scavenging of foxes in these areas. The negative relationship with the mean annual temperature can be attributed to the slower decomposition of wildlife carcasses favouring a longer survival of T. britovi larvae in the host carrion and to the increase of scavenging of foxes.