Aspects to evolution and transmission of antibiotic resistance in bacteria –Recent restrictions of the prophylactic use of antibiotic containing veterinary products.

Abstract

Antibioticsresistance is a big problem nowadays.Manyveterinaryantibioticproductsare widely used in bigfarms of food producing animals. Huge quantities of antibiotics are used in healthy animals for prophylaxis or for growth promotionaround the world, however the use of antibioticsfor this purpose is prohibited in the European Union.The evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes increased rapidly,and the effectiveness of the antimicrobialdrugs decreases. It will be inevitableto see infuturepeople and animals to suffer and die because of the lack of effective antimicrobial drugs. There are many differentresistancemechanismsof action thatbacteria can develop. To be able to avoid further resistanceto antimicrobial drugs, it is important to understandthe mechanismhow bacteria develop and transfer these resistance genes. Understanding the serious role of the criticallyimportant drugs and theprudent usage of any category of antibiotic is essential. Alternatives to antibiotics need to be used that can mimic the effectiveness of antibiotics.