Pemphigus foliaceus: ritka bőrbetegség egy fiatal lipicai ménben : Esetismertetés
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Date
2025-06Author
Kocsis-Sánta, Flóra
Kőris, Bianka
Stirminszki-Vladár, Réka
Mikó, Péter
Biksi, Imre
Jakab, Csaba
Bakos, Zoltán
DOI link
10.56385/magyallorv.2025.6.323-336Metadata
Show full item recordAbstract
ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS
A szerzők egy fiatal lipicai mén esetén keresztül szeretnék bemutatni egy ritka
bőrbetegség, a pemphigus foliaceus kóroktanát, klinikai tüneteit, a kórjelzés lehetőségeit, kórlefolyását és kezelését. Kezdetben jellegtelen tüneteket tapasztaltak
a tulajdonosok, majd a beérkezést követően néhány nap elteltével kezdődött meg
a bőr leválása. Bőrbiopsziából végzett kórszövettani vizsgálat segítségével történt
a diagnózis felállítása. A kezelés során a ló állapota hullámzó volt, majd végül
akut respirációs distressz szindróma tüneteiben elhullott az állat. A kórbonctani
vizsgálat során elhúzódó, Streptococcus baktériumtörzs okozta septicaemiát és
annak következményeit állapították meg.
SUMMARY
Background: Pemphigus foliaceus is a rare condition, but it is the most common
autoimmune skin disease in horses, and it has also been recognised in dogs, cats,
goats and lamas. The cause is the formation of autoantibodies, which destroy
the connection between keratinocytes. These antibodies are produced against
desmoglein proteins located on the surface of keratinocytes. This process is called
acantholysis. The formation of blisters occurs in the epidermis layer of the skin,
which is relatively short-lived due to the thin epidermis layer. It is still unclear
what predisposing factors play a role in the development of the disease, but
there are several hypotheses for example, age, breed, and the use of antibiotics.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the pathophysiology, clinical
signs, differential diagnosis and treatment options of pemphigus foliaceus.
Materials and Methods: We performed physical examination, complete blood
count, serum biochemistry, skin biopsy and histopathology, coagulation tests,
abdominocentesis, gastroscopy, bacterial culture from the skin, and a tracheal
wash sample.
Results and Discussion: This 3-year-old colt was presented to the clinic with a
history of 3-4 days of mild colic and sweating of the neck. A few days later, peeling,
inflammation, and dermal discharge appeared. After diagnosing the disease, we
started a glucocorticoid treatment, which resulted in improvement of the skin
lesions, but caused some side effects. Corneal ulceration and pneumonia caused
by secondary bacterial infection, and penile prolapse appeared. The corneal ulcer
and the pneumonia improved, the penile prolapse was completely solved due to
the therapy. On the last few days, a low-grade fever was seen, and on the last
night, his respiratory function began to deteriorate, which led to the death of the
animal. Post-mortem examination revealed prolonged septicaemia caused by a
Streptococcal strain and its consequences.