A mikrobióta szerepe a szarvasmarhák szaporodásbiológiájában : Irodalmi áttekintés

Abstract

ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS Emberekben régóta ismert a szervezettel szimbiózisban élő nagyszámú mikróba szerepe. Szarvasmarha esetében a legnagyobb figyelmet eddig a bendőmikrobióta kapta. A szerzők szakirodalmi adatok alapján bemutatják a szaporítószervekben élő mikrobióta szerepét az egészséges és kóros folyamatok fenntartásában. Az újabb vizsgálati módszerek segítségével kimutatható, hogy a méhgyulladások kórokozói sok esetben a normál flóra részei, azonban ezek felszaporodása betegséget okoz. A méhbetegségek kezelése szempontjából ez különösen fontos, mivel a mikrobióta megismerésével az antibiotikumokat kiváltó méhkezelő szerek fejleszthetőek. A húshasznú szarvasmarhák esetében a bikák ivarszerveinek mikrobiomja sem elhanyagolható. SUMMARY The symbiotic role of the microbiota in humans is relatively well understood. The microbiota plays a very important role, primarily in the gut flora, but microorganisms living on other mucosal or external surfaces of the body also have a specific and in many cases dominant effect. The microflora of some organs has a major influence on the establishment and maintenance of health and homeostasis. Therefore, the role of the microflora in the reproductive tract in the development of diseases deserves special intention. In this article, we intend to present a review of currently known information on the microflora of the bovine reproductive tract. In our study, we have reviewed the results of previous and current publications, with a special focus on the relationship between microbiota and the development of metritis. Microorganisms living in the reproductive tract not only influence physiological functions, but may also play a role in various inflammatory or other diseases. Advances in research methods have led to a better understanding of the normal flora of the bovine reproductive tract, and it has become clear that pathogens cause dysbiosis by disrupting the balance of the microbiota and the host organism. However, it is not yet clear how pathogenic organisms become dominant and cause disease. Results suggest that dysbiosis is presumed to be the main cause of metritis. Since the reproductive organs of the cow are in direct contact with each other, knowledge of the microflora of the cervix and vagina is also essential. The role of the microflora in the bulls' reproductive tract is also important, as it can play a role in maintaining the healthy status of both bulls and cows. We have highlighted the similarities between the results of the different publications, but also the discrepancies between some experimental results. In our opinion, although significant progress has been made in the understanding of the microbiota in the genital tract of cattle, further in-depth analytical work is needed to understand the microbiota changes and their role in the causes of disease.