Di- és trinukleotid mikroszatelliták vizsgálata dámszarvasban (Dama dama) egyedi azonosítás céljából

Abstract

ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS Az állatok genetikai módszerrel történő egyedi azonosítása alapvető a tudományos kutatások, a természetvédelem, a vadgazdálkodás és a mezőgazdaság különböző területein. A hazánkban előforduló szarvasfélék közül őzben és gímszarvasban már rendelkezésre áll megfelelő azonosító erővel bíró genetikai markerszett, dámszarvasban (Dama dama) azonban a faj csekély genetikai diverzitása miatt a már meglévő markerszett kiegészítése szükséges. A szerzők jelen kutatásban összesen 49 szarvasfélékben leírt dimer és trimer mikroszatellitát teszteltek, amelyekből összesen hét potenciálisan megfelelő polimorfizmussal és megbízható genotípus meghatározhatósággal bír. SUMMARY Background: The individual identification of animals, using genetic methods is essential in various fields of scientific research, nature conservation, wildlife management, and agriculture. Among the deer species found in Hungary, genetic marker sets with sufficient identification power are already available for roe deer and red deer. However, due to the low genetic diversity in fallow deer (Dama dama), the existing marker set needs to be expanded. Objectives: A previous study identified 14 suitable tetrameric microsatellites. Still, the species' low genetic diversity necessitates the addition of more markers. Materials and Methods: In response, a total of 49 microsatellites were selected from previous studies and the GenBank database. Of these, 40 dinucleotide markers had been previously used in fallow deer, while trinucleotide markers were derived from hog deer (Axis porcinus) and brown brocket deer (Mazama gouazoubira). Universal primers were used for cost-efficient fluorescent labeling. Initial PCR optimization was conducted for each marker, after which they were catego- rized into four groups based on their evaluation results. The two best-performing categories were tested further. Subsequently, the number of alleles, effective allele numbers, and observed and expected heterozygosity of the clearly evaluable and polymorphic markers were calculated. Results and Discussion: A total of seven suitable microsatellites (one trimer and six dimers) were found to be polymorphic and could be reliably identified on the electropherogram with high confidence. Allele numbers varied between two and four, while effective allele numbers ranged from 1.6 to 2.6. Observed heterozygosity was between 0.1 and 0.8 and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.1 to 0.6. Although these markers still require testing on a larger population, they represent a valuable addition to the existing marker set.